Occupant response. The SIDH3 remained upright during the vehicle propulsion stage. The vehicle exited the side-impact monorail and began to slide sideways along the wet concrete runway. The drop off the monorail, coupled with the frictional forces between the tires and the wet runway, slowed the vehicle and induced a vehicle roll angle of 1.8° at impact. The roll angle and vehicle deceleration caused the SIDH3 to lean toward the driver door. The pole intruded into the occupant compartment, forward of the dummy’s head and in line with the dummy’s pelvic region. Contact between the door and the dummy’s lower torso and pelvis occurred approximately 0.016 s after impact. The penetrating door and pole propelled the pelvis to the right, rotating the dummy’s head toward the B-pillar and pole. The force imparted on the pelvis also rotated the dummy in the seat and was high enough to shear the thigh-lower leg connecting bolt in each leg. The separation was not at the knee. The first indication of leg separation was at 0.042 s. The lower legs remained within the thermal underwear clothing. The seat belt buckle remained fastened throughout the test. The impact force buckled the bench seat upward (0.052 s), which imparted an upward velocity into the dummy. The B-pillar was drawn inward and forward toward the pole. The B-pillar was drawn in quick enough so as not to allow the dummy’s head to protrude from the window. However, the side of the dummy’s head made significant contact with the B-pillar, as indicated by large amounts of green chalk residue. The motion of the B-pillar forced the head into the side of the rigid pole within the truck cab. The head was pinched between the B-pillar and the pole. Blue chalk residue was found on the side surface of the rigid pole. The cab wrapped around the rigid pole enough to cause the dummy’s head and head rest to punch out the rear window. The head was pinched between the B-pillar and the rigid pole for approximately 0.100 s. While the head was pinched and stationary, the torso continued to bounce and recoil from the pole, bending and twisting the neck.

Inspection of the pole and vehicle interior revealed red, green, blue, and purple chalk on various surfaces, confirming contact from specific dummy parts. Blue chalk from the dummy’s face was found on the side of the rigid pole, and red chalk from the rear surface of the head was found on the B-pillar, confirming the pinching action between the B-pillar and the rigid pole. Red chalk was also found on the interior surface of the

B-pillar, along with some green chalk. These colors indicate contact between the rear and side surface of the dummy’s head and the B-pillar. Red from the thigh was found along the interior door panel and arm rest. The SIDH3 remained upright in the driver seat after the test. The dummy remained wedged between the collapsed door and the bench seat. The shoulder/lap belt became highly tensioned and pressed the dummy into the seat; however, the buckle remained latched. As shown in table 7, the HIC (2518 g’s), TTI (112 g’s), and pelvic injury (284 g’s) values exceed the current side-impact safety performance standards specified in FMVSS 214, which suggests a high probability of severe occupant injury.