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Air Passenger Survey 1990 - San Francisco Bay Area
Air Passenger Survey 1990 San Francisco Bay Area Written and Published by the Planning Section Metropolitan Transportation Commission Joseph P. Bort MetroCenter 101 Eighth Street Oakland, CA 94607-4700 510/464-7700 September 1991 The Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) is a metropolitan planning organization established pursuant to California Government Code Section 66500 et. seq. (1970) to provide comprehensive transportation planning for the nine Bay Area counties of Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco. San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano and Sonoma. Policy direction is provided by 19 Commissioners. Fourteen members are appointed directly by locally elected officials. two members represent other regional agencies (the Association of Bay Area Governments and the Bay Conservation & Development Commission), two represent Federal government agencies (Department of Transportation and Department of Housing and Urban Development), and one non- voting member represents the California Department of Transportation. 2 REGIONAL AIRPORT PLANNING COMMITTEE The 1990 Air Passenger Survey was conducted under the auspices of the Regional Airport Planning Committee( RAPC). RAPC advises the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Metropolitan Transportation Commission's (MTC) on aviation matters and prepares the Regional Airport Plan for the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area. Sam Caddle - Chair RAPC - ABAG Commissioner Jane Baker - City of San Mateo - MTC Commissioner Nancy Benjamin - California Department of Transportation Division of Aeronautics John Dustin - Bay Conservation and Development Commission Arnold Feener - San Francisco International Airport Cary Greene - San Jose International Airport David Karp - Mayor, City of San Leandro - MTC Commissioner Fred Negri - Napa County Board of Supervisors - MTC Commissioner John Pfiefer - Federal Aviation Administration Angelo Siracusa - Bay Area Council - MTC Commissioner James Spering - Suisun City - MTC Commissioner John Glover - Port of Oakland Hal Wight - Buchanan Field, Concord - Represents Bay Area Airport Managers 3 MTC STAFF Lawrence D. Dahms - MTC Executive Director William F. Hein - MTC Deputy Executive Director Chris Brittle - MTC Manager of Planning Marc Roddin - MTC Staff Liaison - Air Passenger Survey Project Manager Shirley Rodenborn - Data Analysis Chase Stockon - Planning Intern James Cunradi - Planning Intern 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE I. INTRODUCTION 9 II. SURVEY METHODOLOGY10 III. SUMMARY AND FINDINGS 17 IV. TABLES 1. AIR TRAFFIC GROWTH TRENDS TABLE 1.1 SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA AIR TRAFFIC GROWTH TRENDS 1980 - 1990 23 TABLE 1.2 SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA AIR TRAFFIC GROWTH 1975 - 1990 24 2. ORIGINS OF AIR PARTIES TABLE 2.1 TRENDS IN AIRPORT USE BY COUNTY OF ORIGIN 1980 - 1990 25 TABLE 2.2 COUNTY OF ORIGIN BY AIR PARTY RESIDENCE STATUS 26 TABLE 2.3 ORIGINS OF AIR PARTIES BY COUNTY 1975 - 1990 27 TABLE 2.4 ORIGINS OF RESIDENTS AND NON-RESIDENTS BY AIRPORT 28 TABLE 2.5 RESIDENCE STATUS OF AIR PARTIES BY COUNTY OF ORIGIN 29 TABLE 2.6 COUNTY OF RESIDENCE VERSUS COUNTY LEFT FOR AIRPORT 30 TABLE 2.7 ORIGINS OF AIR PARTIES ADJUSTED BY AIR PARTY SIZE 1980 - 1990 31 TABLE 2.8 COUNTY OF ORIGIN BY TYPE OF LOCATION LEFT FOR AIRPORT 32 TABLE 2.9 TYPE OF LOCATION AIR PARTY LEFT FOR AIRPORT 33 TABLE 2.10 ORIGINS OF AIR PARTIES BY AIRPORT AND FIGHT DESTINATION 35 TABLES 2.11a-j ORIGINS OF AIR PARTIES FOR CITIES WITHIN BAY AREA COUNTIES 1980-1990 TABLE 2.11a ALAMEDA COUNTY 35 TABLE 2.11b CONTRA COSTA COUNTY 36 TABLE 2.11c MARIN COUNTY 37 TABLE 2.11d NAPA COUNTY 38 TABLE 2.11e SAN FRANCISCO COUNTY 39 TABLE 2.11f SAN MATEO COUNTY 40 TABLE 2.11g SANTA CLARA COUNTY 41 TABLE 2.11h SOLANO COUNTY 42 TABLE 2.11i SONOMA COUNTY 43 TABLE 2.11j OUT OF REGION 44 TABLE 2.12 COUNTY OF ORIGIN (FOR NORTHERN CALIFORNIA) 45 FIGURE 2.1 COUNTY OF ORIGIN 1980 - 1990 46 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS IV. TABLES PAGE 3. GROUND TRANSPORTATION TABLE 3.1 GROUND TRANSPORTATION BY RESIDENCE AND TRIP PURPOSE 47 TABLE 3.2 GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE BY AIRPORT 48 TABLE 3.3 GROUND TRANSPORTATION BY RESIDENCE STATUS 49 TABLE 3.4 TRENDS IN GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE SHARES 1975 - 1990 SAN FRANCISCO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 50 TABLE 3.5 TRENDS IN GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE SHARES 1975 - 1990 OAKLAND INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 51 TABLE 3.6 TRENDS IN GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE SHARES 1975 - 1990 SAN JOSE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 52 TABLE 3.7 GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE SHARE BY COUNTY OF ORIGIN SAN FRANCISCO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 53 TABLE 3.8 GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE SHARE BY COUNTY OF ORIGIN OAKLAND INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 54 TABLE 3.9 GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE SHARE BY COUNTY OF ORIGIN SAN JOSE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 55 TABLE 3.10 GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE CHOICE BY INCOME 56 TABLE 3.11 GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE CHOICE BY AGE 57 TABLE 3.12 MEANS BY WHICH AIR PARTIES REACHED TRANSIT SERVICE 58 TABLE 3.13 AIR PARTY SIZE LUGGAGE AND ACCOMPANIERS BY GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE 59 TABLE 3.14 GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE BY FLIGHT DESTINATION 60 TABLE 3.15 GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE BY TYPE OF LOCATION FROM WHICH AIR PARTY LEFT FOR AIRPORT 61 FIGURE 3.1 GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE SHARE FOR ALL BAY AREA AIRPORTS 62 4. PARKING TABLE 4.1 WHERE CARS ARE PARKED AT BAY AREA AIRPORTS 63 TABLE 4.2 FOR AIR PARTIES DRIVING TO THE AIRPORT, WERE CARS PARKED AT THE AIRPORT OR DRIVEN AWAY BY OTHERS 1985 -1990 64 TABLE 4.3 PARKING SEQUENCE OF AIR PARTIES USING PRIVATE CARS FOR THEIR TRIP TO THE AIRPORT 1985 - 1990 65 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS IV. TABLES PAGE 5. TRIP PURPOSE TABLE 5.1 TRIP PURPOSE BY AIRPORT 66 TABLE 5.2 TRIP PURPOSE BY COUNTY OF ORIGIN (General Categories) 67 TABLE 5.3 TRIP PURPOSE BY COUNTY OF ORIGIN 68 TABLE 5.4 TRIP PURPOSE BY INCOME 69 TABLE 5.5 TRIP PURPOSE BY AGE 70 6. REASONS FOR CHOOSING AIRPORT TABLE 6.1 REASONS GIVEN FOR SELECTING AIRPORT BY FIGHT DESTINATION 71 TABLE 6.2 REASONS GIVEN FOR SELECTING AIRPORT BY AGE 72 TABLE 6.3 REASONS GIVEN FOR SELECTING AIRPORT INCOME SAN FRANCISCO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 73 TABLE 6.4 REASONS GIVEN FOR SELECTING AIRPORT INCOME OAKLAND INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 74 TABLE 6.5 REASONS GIVEN FOR SELECTING AIRPORT INCOME SAN JOSE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 75 7.AIRPORT ARRIVAL TlMES TABLE 7.1 AVERAGE AIRPORT ARRIVAL TIMES PRIOR TO FLIGHT BY FLIGHT DESTINATION 76 TABLE 7.2 AVERAGE AIRPORT ARRIVAL TIMES PRIOR TO FLIGHT BY GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE FOR EACH AIRPORT 77 TABLE 7.3 AVERAGE AIRPORT ARRIVAL TIMES PRIOR TO FLIGHT BY GROUND TRANSPORTATION AND TRIP PURPOSE 78 8. FREQUENCY OF FLYING, TRIP DURATION AND AIR PARTY DEMOGRAPHICS TABLE 8.1 FREQUENCY OF FLYING FOR AIR PARTIES BY COUNTY OF RESIDENCES 79 TABLE 8.2 TRIP DURATION BY RESIDENCE STATUS AND TRIP PURPOSE 80 TABLE 8.3 INCOME BY COUNTY OF RESIDENCE 82 TABLE 8.4 RESIDENCE STATUS OF AIR PARTIES BY AIRPORT 83 TABLE 8.5 AIR PARTY SIZE, LUGGAGE AND ACCOMPANIERS BY AIRPORT84 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLES PAGE 9. FLIGHT DESTINATIONS TABLE 9.1 FLIGHT DESTINATIONS BY COUNTY OF ORIGIN 85 TABLE 9.2 FLIGHT DESTINATIONS FOR INTRA-CALFORNIA AIR TRAVELERS 86 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 DEFINITIONS 87 APPENDIX 2 SURVEY INSTRUMENT 88 APPENDIX 3 INTERVIEWER PROMPT CARDS 89 8 - PART I - - INTRODUCTION - This report presents the findings of the 1990 Air Passenger Survey performed by the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) with the cooperation of the three major San Francisco Bay Area commercial airports, San Francisco International Airport (SFO), San Jose International Airport (SJC) and Oakland International Airport (OAK). The survey is conducted every five years to provide up- to-date information on the origins of air parties; the type of transportation used to get to the airport; reasons for choosing a particular airport; and on the characteristics of air travelers such as air party size, amount of luggage, number of well wishers, and the times air parties arrive at the airport prior to their flights. The Air Passenger Survey is used for long-range airport planning, for marketing airports and travel services, for media and public information, and to improve ground transportation to Bay Area airports. The following report contains a summary of major survey findings, an explanation of survey sample methodology, and a series of tables presenting much of the information gathered from the survey. For individuals and agencies in need of information not contained in this report, data diskettes in ASCII format are available for licensing from MTC. 9 - PART II - - SURVEY METHODOLOGY - SURVEY DATES This portion of the report explains how the 1990 Air Passenger Survey was designed and implemented and provides information useful for. interpreting the survey results. The 1990 Air Passenger Survey was conducted in seven 12-hour days from August 13 through August 19 at San Francisco, Oakland and San Jose Airports. CHANGES FROM PRIOR SURVEYS The format of the 1990 Air Passenger Survey has been altered slightly from previous years to present a more logical sequence of questions. The changes make interviews more comfortable for respondents and facilitate data entry. The changes will not materially effect the outcome of the survey nor preclude the ability to compare most of the survey results with reports from prior years. The use of a much larger sample size in the 1990 survey than in past years will allow slightly more reliable analysis of questions that require a high degree of precision such as air party origins and ground transportation mode choice. In addition, the 1990 Air Passenger Survey report contains several elements not included in prior reports. For example, new in this year's report are several tables which describe the reasons why air parties chose the airport from which their flight left and how many times each air party used Bay Area airports. In addition, this report carries a breakdown of ground transportation mode choice by such demographic factors as the income and age of the respondent. Where practical, the 1990 Air Passenger Survey tries to provide information from several years' survey results in single tables to allow ready comparisons with prior years. One element not included in this year's survey is information on connecting passengers. In past surveys, respondents were asked midway through the interview whether or not their party were connecting passengers. Interviews in which respondents indicated that they were connecting or through passengers were then terminated. Since interviews with connecting and through passengers were substantially shorter than interviews with departing passengers, they tended to be systematically over-sampled. Consequently, in the past, interviewers spent . an inordinate time interviewing respondents outside the target population of air parties arriving at the airport by ground transportation. 10 In addition, for the 1990 survey, respondents were asked at the outset of the interview whether or not they were connecting or through passengers, and affirmative response terminated the interview. This change greatly increased the efficiency of interviews but makes it impossible to tabulate information about connecting and through passengers. SURVEY METHOD The survey was administered using in-person interviews of departing passengers waiting in passenger boarding areas. Only passengers waiting to board planes were interviewed. Within boarding areas, air parties were selected at random and one interview was conducted per boarding air party. Ninety interviewers were dispatched to cover over 1400 departing flights. To ensure that the survey samples were representative of actual travel patterns, an effort was made to interview a sub-sample of air parties from each departing flight, for different times of day and for all seven days of the week. Finally, to reduce the likelihood of data coding errors, each interviewer was responsible for post-coding airline flight, airport destination, county of origin and city of residence at the end of his or her shift. This information was then checked for legibility and accuracy by a supervisor that same day. Two supervisors per shift were assigned to each airport by J.D Franz Research, the primary consultant for the project. 11 SURVEY DESIGN AND SAMPLE SIZE The 1990 Air Passenger Survey is designed to provide an accurate representation of Bay Area air passenger characteristics and their travel behavior to the airport. In general, the sample size is dependent on the desired "confidence level" and the "margin of error" of the survey results. For the regional sample, a confidence level of 99 percent was chosen. For each airport, the margin of error for the sample is less than 2 percent of the true values for survey responses. For the region as a whole, the margin of error is less than I percent. The actual sample sizes for each airport for 1985 and 1990 are given below. SURVEY SAMPLE SIZE 1985 1990 SAN FRANCISCO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 4,399 5,878 OAKLAND INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 1,583 7,895 SAN JOSE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 4,557 6,926 TOTAL 10,539 20,699 WEIGHING PROCEDURE While care was taken to collect a representative sample of air travelers, certain fundamental characteristics of air traffic precluded use of the sample results as a direct measure of air travel behavior. Since airports exhibit periods of peak usage and periods of relatively low travel activity, but survey workers can generally conduct interviews at the same rate regardless of how crowded the airport is, there will be a tendency to under-sample during busy times of the day and over-sample during quiet periods. Similarly, the tendency to over-sample and under-sample also applies to interviews conducted in departure lounges served by different size aircraft or serving different destinations. For example, a single team of interviewers will under-sample air parties boarding large jet aircraft bound for domestic and international destinations due to the large number of passengers waiting in the boarding areas. Conversely, air parties boarding smaller aircraft bound for 12 Figure 1 Interviews at Bay Area Airports 20,699 Surveys Administered 13 smaller airports within California will be over-sampled due to the small number of waiting passengers in the departure lounge. To compensate for over-sampling and under-sampling, a system of "weighted" responses was used to make the sample proportions by destination, aircraft type, time of day and day of week reflect actual use patterns gathered from airline schedules in the Official Airline Guide. The entire sample was also weighted by each airport's share of the region's air traffic distributions. Figure I shows the end result of the sample weighing procedures. The total weighted responses corresponds to the total number of air travelers using Bay Area airports during the week of the survey. Unless otherwise noted, all the tables contained in this report use weighted responses. Neither of these weighing procedures effects the answers given by respondents.The weighing procedure is only used to make the sample. proportions of air parties with different characteristics and different travel behaviors mirror their proportions found in the actual population of air travelers. 14 FOREIGN LANGUAGE INTERVIEWS To ensure that no biases were introduced into the interview Process through the exclusion of non-English speakers, prevalent on international flights, an effort was made to recruit. interviewers with foreign language proficiency. The following table gives a breakdown of interviewer language skills at each airport. The total number of interviewers will be less that those proficient in each language since some interviewers were fluent in more than one language other than English. The use of multilingual interviewers is a departure from previous surveys and enables survey workers to sample air parties on every international flight. Language SFO OAK SJC TOTAL INTERVIEWERS 25 25 40 English Only 18 19 30 Spanish 4 4 6 German 4 1 - French 1 2 2 Russian 1 1 - S. Pacific Languages 1 - - Greek - 1 1 Italian - 1 - Armenian - - 1 Cantonese - - 1 Tagalog - - 1 Vietnamese - - 1 15 SURVEY MANAGEMENT Survey management tasks were divided between MTC and its consultants. The Metropolitan Transportation Commission was responsible for managing the survey and for coordination between its consultants and the three Bay Area airports. MTC staff also designed the survey questionnaire, developed daily flight interview schedules and produced the final report. San Francisco International Airport, Oakland International Airport and San Jose International Airport each helped finance the survey. J.D. Franz Research evaluated the sample size, pretested the survey, conducted interviewer recruitment, training and supervision, supplied survey administration, and provided a clean set of computer-ready data to MTC for further analysis. Air party origins and census tract information were coded by E. H. White & Company. REMARKS ON USE OF THE 1990 AIR PASSENGER SURVEY Use of the information in this survey requires some knowledge of its limitations. For instance, the month of August has a higher proportion of vacation travel than other months and therefore is not necessarily a representative month of air travel. Also, airport ground transportation information is based on air parties' mode of, travel to the airport for a departing flight. Transportation choices may be different for air parties arriving on incoming flights. The figures given in some tables may be less reliable than others depending on the number of options and the number of respondents. For example, tables 3.7 3.8 and 3.9 show all ground transportation modes by county of origin; these will not be as reliable than a similar table using more general categories. This is due to the small number of respondents that actually meet relatively narrow criteria such as the percent of air parties using a particular company's airport bus service, living in Solano County and using Oakland Airport. Similarly, for air party origins, data at the county level and for larger cities will be very accurate. For tables that examine origins for smaller towns and cities in the region or counties outside the Bay Area, there will be less reliability. Again, tables with a great level of detail, with many categories or with a small number of respondents should be used with caution. Data users that require more detailed analysis -than that presented in this report may license the data from MTC for use on their own computers. Write to Marc Roddin for rate inquiries. 16 - PART III - - SUMMARY AND FINDINGS - This part of the report summarizes some findings of the 1990 Air Passenger Survey. For a more complete picture of Bay Area air travelers, Part IV presents the survey results in predominantly table format with several select charts. 1. AIR TRAFFIC GROWTH TRENDS Since 1980, air travel in the San Francisco Bay Area has grown by close to 14 million trips per year. San Francisco International Airport (SFO) continues to be the largest airport in the region, claiming the largest share of the region's continuing growth in air travel. In the last decade, SFO's passenger traffic has grown by 31.1 percent, over half the region's overall growth. San Jose and Oakland airports, while accounting for a smaller portion of the region's air traffic, experience much faster growth rates. Oakland International Airports passenger traffic grew by 107.9 percent in the last decade and San Jose International Airport grew by 111.4 percent. Air travel in the region, grew by 47.3 percent, with over 42 million air passengers using Bay Area airports in 1990. 2. ORIGINS OF AIR PARTIES ORIGINS OF AIR PARTIES IN THE BAY AREA San Francisco International Airport remains the region's dominant commercial airport, claiming 70.6 percent of the Bay Area's air travelers. For some counties (Marin, San Francisco and San Mateo), SFO's market share is over 90 percent. SFO currently claims significant shares of air travelers from Alameda County (46.7%) and Santa Clara County (40.5%), both of which are home to major commercial airports. San Jose Airport attracts a majority of air travelers in Santa Clara County (57.5%) and a significant number of out-of-region travelers (35.5%) mostly from Santa Cruz, Stanislaus and Monterey Counties. To the north, San Jose Airport's market does not extend much beyond Santa Clara County, and Southern Alameda County (7.4%). For all three major commercial airports, San Francisco is the largest source for trip origins for business (28.8%) and non- business travelers (27.6%). Santa Clara County, with its growing concentration of employment, now accounts for 25.9 percent of business trip origins. 17 OUT-OF-REGION ORIGINS Air parties whose trip to the airport originated outside the Bay Area, predominantly from counties adjacent to the nine contiguous counties, are termed "Out-of-Region" origins. This term refers only to air parties who arrive at the airport from counties outside the nine-county Bay Area by ground transportation, not those who fly into the airport from outside the region. Most air parties from outside the Bay Area that use the region's airports originate from Santa Cruz, Stanislaus, San Joaquin and Monterey Counties. The share of all airport users from outside the region has declined from 7 percent in 1980 to only 2.4 percent in 1990. In addition, the distribution of these air travelers among the three Bay Area airports has also shifted with the share using SFO declining steadily for the last decade. In 1980, SFO attracted 78 percent of air parties originating outside the Bay Area the out-of- region air parties. In 1990, SFO's share has' dropped to 46 percent. San Jose International Airport, during the same period has doubled its share of out-of-region air parties, up from 18 percent in 1980 to 35.5 percent in 1990. Oakland International Airport has seen its share of out-of-region air parties more than quadruple from 4 percent in 1980 to over 18 percent in 1990. Most of Oakland's growth in out-of-region air party originations have been from neighboring Stanislaus and San Joaquin Counties. These two Central Valley counties have seen rapid growth in population in recent years. The nearest large airports serving these burgeoning counties are in Sacramento and Oakland. 3. TRENDS IN GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE CHOICE PRIVATE AUTOMOBILE The private automobile is the most common form of ground transportation used by users of Bay Area airports, accounting for half of all trips to the airport. SFO has the lowest rate with 46 percent of air parties choosing private cars. OAK and SJC have automobile mode shares of 69 percent and 66 percent, respectively. TRANSIT Scheduled public transit, chiefly bus service provided by AC Transit, SamTrans and Santa Clara County Transit, has the second' lowest mode share in the region, just slightly ahead of charter and tour buses. Public bus service currently claims I percent of all trips to Bay Area airports. A notable exception is AirBART, express minibuses which link BART's Coliseum Station with Oakland International Airport. AirBART serves about 4 percent of Oakiand's air travelers, down slightly from its peak in 1980 at 6.5 percent. 18 GROUND TRANSPORTATION AND AIR PARTY CHARACTERISTICS People of different economic means and different ages make different transportation choices for their trips to the 'airport. The percentage using private cars declines steadily from 63 percent for respondents with total household incomes less than $12,000 to about 46 percent for households making over $100,000 annually. Rental car mode share by income exhibits the opposite trend--the higher the income group of the respondents, the higher the rate of rental car use. 4. TRENDS IN AIRPORT PARKING AND CONGESTION The survey shows that More air parties drop off passengers at the curb before parking their cars. It also shows high numbers of air parties being dropped off at the curb by others. Both are responsible for growing surface congestion at Bay Area airports. Since 1985, the number of respondents parking their vehicles for the entire duration of their trip has decreased at all Bay Area airports. San Francisco Airport showed the largest drop from 25.6 percent in 1985 to 18.6 percent in 1990. In addition, the portion of passengers that are dropped off at the curb and the vehicle is driven away by others fell slightly at SFO but increased At Oakland and San Jose airports. However, the portions of air parties that drop off passengers at the curb first and then park 'their vehicle has nearly doubled at SFO from 33 percent in 1985 to 58.7 percent in 1990. At San Jose Airport, this portion increased from 30.8 percent in 1985 to 56.8 percent in 1990. These trends have created much more traffic on terminal approach roads and increased surface congestion. 5. TRIP PURPOSE This section examines the trip purposes of Bay Area air travelers. Santa Clara County has the highest portion of business- related travel, with 42.6 percent of total trips. San Francisco has the second highest portion at 36.4 percent. Most frequently represented in business travel are those household earning over $100,000 annually.For non-business travel, households earning between $50,000 and $75,000 annually are most frequently represented. 19 6. REASONS GIVEN FOR AIRPORT CHOICE The five tables in this section analyze the reasons why air parties choose a particular Bay Area airport by their destination, the age of the respondent and by the air party's household income. The most commonly cited determinant of airport choice, regardless of air party characteristics, was closeness to residence, hotel or business. This is especially true for air parties with California destinations and for travelers under 19 years old or over 65 years old. Cheaper, more convenient parking was given as the main reason for choosing the airport by the fewest number of people interviewed. This is true when respondents, are divided by age, income and destination. Less than one percent of respondents cite parking as the main consideration in airport choice. A notable exception are intra-California travelers using Oakland Airport. For this group, 3.8 percent listed parking cost and convenience as the main reason for choosing Oakland Airport. San Jose International Airport users overwhelmingly cited closeness to home, hotel and office as the main reason for choosing the airport. The majority of trip origins bound for SJC are from Santa Clara County, the airport's primary market. San Francisco and Oakland airports, conversely, have a greater portion of respondents citing service competition as their main reasons for choosing one of the two airports. For example, nearly one fourth of respondents at SFO cited the availability of direct flights to their destination as the primary reason for choosing that airport. At Oakland Airport, a similar portion Of respondents cited lower airline fares as the dominant factor influencing their airport choice. 7. ARRIVAL TIMES PRIOR TO FLIGHT For all Bay Area airports, the private car allows respondents the shortest wait times between arrival at the airport and flight departure. Air parties using private cars for their trip to the airport, arrived about 70 minutes before the respondent's scheduled departure. Luxury limousine and taxi service delivered air parties approximately 77 minutes before the respondent's flight. Respondents who took scheduled public transit, airport express buses and other transit services to the airport, arrive about 88 minutes before their flight leaves. Public transit at Oakland Airport, however, allows later arrivals 20 for departing air parties. Respondents using transit to get to Oakland Airport arrived an average of 62 minutes before their flight. Respondents using private cars, by comparison, enjoy only a two minute advantage, arriving about 60 minutes before their flight departure. Respondents at SFO using virtually all ground transportation modes arrived at the airport earlier than respondents at OAK and SJC. Business travelers using Bay Area airports show a consistent tendency, regardless of ground transportation mode, to arrive slightly later than nonbusiness travelers. This may be due to a greater frequency of flying by business travelers, and hence a greater understanding of schedules and expected process times and fewer pieces of checked luggage. 8. FREQUENCY OF FLYING, TRIP DURATION AND AIR PARTY DEMOGRAPHICS Most users of San Francisco and San Jose airports are visitors from outside the Bay Area. At San Francisco Airport and San Jose airports 61.9 percent and 52 percent were non-residents, respectively. Only Oakland Airport ha d mostly Bay Area residents as its primary patrons (51%). Marin County and Contra Costa County residents were the most frequent air travelers making an average 11.8 trips and 11.3 yearly trips respectively. Naja County residents used Bay Area Airports the least, making 5.0 trips per year. Bay Area residents in general made 6.1 trips per year from San Francisco Airport, 1.6 trips from Oakland Airport and 1.9 trips from San Jose Airport. For most trip purposes, Bay Area residents take longer trips than nonresidents. An average Bay Area resident stays 8.9 nights away from the region and an average non-resident stays 7.6 nights in the Bay Area. 21 9. FLIGHT DESTINATIONS CALIFORNIA DESTINATIONS For air parties with California destinations, Los Angeles not surprisingly, is the destination of the most Bay Area air travelers (44.1%). San Diego is the second most frequent California destination, attracting 17.1 percent of intrastate air travelers. Other Los Angeles-area airports account for the top 6 intra-California destinations (Burbank 12.4%, Santa Ana 10.2%, Ontario 8.2% and Long Beach 4.8 percent). 22 - PART IV - - TABLES - -PART IV- - SECTION I - - AIR TRAFFIC GROWTH TRENDS - TABLE 1.1 SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA AIR TRAFFIC GROWTH TRENDS 1980 -1990 Enplaning and DePLaning Air Passengers SAN FRANCISCO OAKLAND SAN JOSE ALL INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL BAY AREA YEAR AIRPORT AIRPORT AIRPORT AIRPORT 1980 22,660,090 2,530,390 3,354,230 28,544,710 1981 20,381,370 2,451,050 2,726,790 25,559,210 1982 20,813,050 2,773,380 2,940,480 26,526,910 1983 22,317,790 2,944,500 3,438,640 28,700,930 1984 24,321,670 3,287,490 3,798,670 31,407,830 1985 24,700,580 4,205,070 4,413,770 33,319,420 1986 27,257,780 3,892,870 5,625,800 36,776,450 1987 29,557,000 3,936,570 5,680,210 39,173,780 1988 30,136,242 3,897,774 5,715,759 39,749,775 1989 30,306,109 3,987,460 6,365,314 40,658,883 1990 29,708,779 5,261,164 7,090,268 42,060,211 1980 - 1990 PERCENT GROWTH 31.1% 107.9% 111.4% 47.3% 23 24 - PART IV - - SECTION 2 - - ORIGINS OF AIR PARTIES - 25 26 27 28 TABLE 2.5 RESIDENCE STATUS OF AIR PARTIES BY COUNTY OF ORIGIN RESIDENCE STATUS RESIDENT OF RESIDENT OF COUNTY OF COUNTY OF OTHER BAY AREA ORIGIN ORIGIN COUNTY NON-RESIDENT TOTAL ALAMEDA 46.5% 4.0% 49.6% 100.0% CONTRA COSTA 50.6% 3.9% 45.5% 100.0% MARIN 44.1% 9.3% 46.6% 100.0% NAPA 22.3% 0.8% 76.9% 100.0% SAN FRANCISCO 24.7% 4.0% 71.3% 100.0% SAN MATEO 33.5% 8.2% 58.2% 100.0% SANTA CLARA 44.2% 3.3% 52.5% 100.0% SOLANO 46.6% 3.5% 49.9% 100.0% SONOMA 51.7% 0.8% 47.4% 100.0% 29 30 31 32 TABLE 2.9 TYPE OF LOCATION AIR PARTY LEFT FOR AIRPORT SAN SAN TYPE OF LOCATION AIR FRANCISCO OAKLAND JOSE BAY PARTY LEFT FOR AIRPORT (SFO) (OAK) (SJC) AREA AIR PARTY'S OWN HOME 33.0% 43.9% 40.2% 39.7% HOME OF A FRIEND OR RELATIVE 22.8% 25.7% 21.8% 23.6% AIR PARTY'S OWN PLACE OF WORK 5.3% 7.3% 11.6% 8.2% OTHER BUSINESS 4.1% 7.9% 8.4% 7.0% HOTEL/MOTEL 31.2% 12.7% 15.3% 18.6% OTHER 3.6% 2.5% 2.7% 2.9% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 33 34 TABLE 2.11a ORIGINS OF AIR PARTIES FOR CITIES IN BAY AREA COUNTIES 1980 - 1990 ALAMEDA COUNTY PERCENT OF AIR PARTIES CITY OF ORIGIN 1980 1985 1990 Alameda 4.7% 4.6% 7.3% Albany 1.7% 1.6% 1.8% Berkeley 19.9% 18.4% 15.9% Castro Valley 2.7% 1.4% 2.0% Dublin 0.8% 1.7% 1.3% Emeryville 0.0% 1.0% 1.4% Fremont 9.3% 9.8% 11.8% Hayward 5.9% 9.2% 6.7% Livermore 5.5% 4.6% 2.0% Montclair 0.1% 0.1% - Newark 1.4% 1.7% 2.0% Oakland 30.8% 30.1% 22.9% Piedmont 0.7% 1.8% 1.1% Pleasanton 4.3% 3.9% 4.5% San Leandro 5.2% 4.8% 3.9% San Lorenzo 0.8% 1.1% 1.1% Sunol 0.1% - - Union City 3.2% 1.7% 2.8% Other Alameda County 2.5% 2.4% 11.7% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Other Alameda County 35 TABLE 2.11b ORIGINS OF AIR PARTIES FOR CITIES IN BAY AREA COUNTIES 1980 - 1990 CONTRA COSTA COUNTY PERCENT OF AIR PARTIES CITY OF ORIGIN 1980 1985 1990 Alamo 2.5% 1.6% 1.4% Antioch 4.6% 2.4% 2.8% Brentwood 0.8% - 0.3% Bryon - 0.1% - Clayton 0.9% 1.6% 0.7% Concord 15.7% 16.0% 12.0% Crockett 0.4% 0.4% - Danville 6.1% 8.5% 4.6% El Cerrito 1.5% 4.8% 4.1% El Sobrante 2.0% 1.6% 0.1% Hercules 0.5% 0.8% 0.6% Kensington 0.5% 0.3% - Lafayette 4.8% 5.2% 4.2% Martinez 4.3% 2.6% 4.7% Moraga 6.3% 4.1% 4.1% Mt. Diablo 0.1% 0.3% - Oakley - 0.1% 0.2% Orinda 3.7% 5.0% 4.0% Pinole 2.8% 0.6% 2.2% Pittsburg 1.7% 2.3% 3.0% Pleasant Hill 5.9% 3.5% 7.1% Richmond 8.0% 7.8% 9.1% Rodeo 0.5% 0.7% 0.5% San Pablo 1.7% 1.6% 1.6% San Ramon 5.9% 8.3% 9.5% Walnut Creek 18.8% 20.8% 14.0% Other Contra Costa County - - 9.5% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Other Alameda County 36 TABLE 2.11c ORIGINS OF AIR PARTIES FOR CITIES IN BAY AREA COUNTIES 1980 - 1990 MARIN COUNTY PERCENT OF AIR PARTIES CITY OF ORIGIN 1980 1985 1990 Belvedere 1.3% 0.5% 1.5% Corte Madera 4.3% 2.8% 2.7% Fairfax 1.6% 0.5% 1.8% Forest Knolls - 0.7% - Greenbrae 3.6% 1.4% - Ignacio 1.1% 0.2% - Inverness - 0.2% - Kentfield 2.1% 4.9% - Larkspur 0.7% 2.8% 8.6% Marin City 1.3% 3.1% - Marinwood - 0.5% - Mill Valley 12.1% 13.6% 10.1% Muir Woods - 0.7% - Nicasio - 0.9% - Novato 10.6% 13.9% 9.8% Olema - 0.5% - Ross 3.4% 2.6% 1.0% San Anselmo 5.8% 5.4% 5.0% San Rafael 27.5% 28.8% 19.2% Sausalito 12.0% 10.4% 24.5% Sleepy Hollow 1.2% - - Stinson Beach - 0.5% - Tiburon 9.1% 4.9% 6.8% Woodacre 0.8% 0.2% - Other Marin County - - 9.2% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 37 TABLE 2.11d ORIGINS OF AIR PARTIES FOR CITIES IN BAY AREA COUNTIES 1980 - 1990 NAPA COUNTY PERCENT OF AIR PARTIES CITY OF ORIGIN 1980 1985 1990 American Canyon - - 0.5% Angwin 0.9% 4.2% - Calistoga 6.8% 5.6% 5.2% Lake Berryessa - 2.7% - Napa 84.8% 75.0% 61.7% St. Helena 7.5% 11.1% 7.4% Yountville - 1.4% 3.3% Other Napa County - - 21.9% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 38 TABLE 2.11e ORIGINS OF AIR PARTIES FOR CITIES IN BAY AREA COUNTIES 1980 - 1990 SAN FRANCISCO COUNTY PERCENT OF AIR PARTIES CITY OF ORIGIN 1980 1985 1990 American Canyon 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 39 TABLE 2.11f ORIGINS OF AIR PARTIES FOR CITIES IN BAY AREA COUNTIES 1980 - 1990 SAN MATEO COUNTY PERCENT OF AIR PARTIES CITY OF ORIGIN 1980 1985 1990 Atheron 1.7% 0.2% 0.6% Belmont 4.2% 4.4% 2.0% Brisbane 1.4% 1.3% - Burlingame 7.5% 15.0% 19.4% Colma - 0.1% - Daly City 4.4% 4.5% 5.2% East Palo Alto - 0.5% 0.2% El Granada 0.2% - - Foster City 4.7% 4.0% 5.6% Half Moon Bay 1.4% 1.1% 1.6% Hillsborough 0.9% 1.8% 1.5% La Honda 0.1% - - Menlo Park 5.3% 7.4% 5.6% Millbrae 5.2% 7.2% 6.2% Montara 0.8% 0.3% 0.1% Moss Beach 0.9% 0.4% - Pacifica 3.3% 2.1% 3.2% Portola Valley 1.4% 1.0% 0.7% Redwood City 7.8% 7.4% 5.4% San Bruno 6.8% 7.0% 8.2% San Carlos 3.2% 5.0% 5.8% San Mateo 12.3% 13.8% 13.7% South San Francisco 13.2% 6.9% 11.8% Woodside 1.5% 1.0% 0.6% Other San Mateo County 11.8% 7.6% 2.7% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 40 TABLE 2.11g ORIGINS OF AIR PARTIES FOR CITIES IN BAY AREA COUNTIEs 1980 - 1990 SANTA CLARA COUNTY PERCENT OF AIR PARTIES CITY OF ORIGIN 1980 1985 1990 Campbell 1.8% 1.5% 1.3% Cupertino 3.9% 3.0% 3.3% Gilroy 0.5% 0.8% 0.7% Los Altos 3.1% 3.6% 2.8% Los Altos Hills 0.6% 0.9% 0.8% Los Gatos 3.1% 3.1% 2.7% Milpitas 1.4% 2.6% 2.2% Monte Sereno 0.1% 0.2% 0.5% Morgan Hill 1.2% 1.1% 0.5% Mountain View 5.2% 7.4% 5.3% Palo Alto 14.5% 13.9% 14.5% San Jose 38.8% 35.6% 29.4% San Marin - 0.4% - Santa Clara 9.4% 10.1% 7.8% Satatoga 2.5% 2.3% 2.4% Sunnyvale 12.0% 11.4% 10.7% Other Santa Clara County 1.9% 2.1% 15.1% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 41 TABLE 2.11h ORIGINS OF AIR PARTIES FOR CITIES IN BAY AREA COUNTIES 1980 - 1990 SOLANO COUNTY PERCENT OF AIR PARTIES CITY OF ORIGIN 1980 1985 1990 Benicia 5.2% 10.4% 10.8% Dixon 1.2% - - Fairfield 10.7% 19.4% 18.2% Suisun City 3.7% 6.3% 3.3% Vacacille 9.5% 13.9% 10.3% Vallejo 21.5% 35.4% 39.3% Other Solano County 48.2% 14.6% 18.1% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 42 TABLE 2.11i ORIGINS OF AIR PARTIES FOR CITIES IN BAY AREA COUNTIES 1980 - 1990 SONOMA COUNTY PERCENT OF AIR PARTIES CITY OF ORIGIN 1980 1985 1990 Agua Caliente - 1.0% - Bodega Bay 2.9% 1.9% - Cloverdale - 0.4% 1.8% Cotati 3.1% - 0.2% Forestville 2.9% 1.0% - Fulton - 0.4% - Geyserville 2.0% - - Glen Ellen 1.1% - 0.5% Guernville 2.0% 0.4% 0.4% Healdsburg 2.0% - 3.9% Jenner - 0.8% - Monte Rio - 0.8% 0.1% Occidental - 0.4% - Petaluma 11.3% 11.0% 20.7% Rohnert Park 7.3% 7.2% 5.1% Santa Rosa 48.7% 59.5% 38.8% Sebastapol 6.8% 4.2% 4.3% Sonoma 8.2% 11.0% 12.4% Windsor 1.7% - - Other Sonoma County - - 11.8% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 43 TABLE 2.11j ORIGINS OF AIR PARTIES FOR CITIES IN BAY AREA COUNTIES 1980 - 1990 OUT OF REGION PERCENT OF AIR PARTIES CITY OF ORIGIN 1990 Santa Cruz 0.3% Scotts Valley 2.0% Watsonville 2.2% Other Out-of-Region 9.5% TOTAL 100.0% Out of Region origins by city are not available prior to 1990. 44 TABLE 2.12 AIR PARTY ORIGINS FROM OUTSIDE THE BAY AREA * CITY OF ORIGIN PERCENT OF AIR PARTIES SANTA CRUZ 34.8 STANISLAUS 27.7 YOLO 7.0% MADERA 4.6% KERN & KINGS 3.7% MENDOCINO 3.0% SISKIYOU 2.9% SHASTA 2.7% TUOLOMNE 2.3% FRESNO 2.1% SACRAMENTO 2.0% SUTTER 2.0% MONTEREY 1.1% TEHEMA 0.9% MARIPOSA 0.7% LASSEN 0.6% TULARE 0.4% SAN JOAQUIN 0.3% YUBA 0.3% MERCED 0.3% INYO 0.2% EL DORADO 0.1% HUMBOLT 0.1% LAKE 0.1% NEVADA 0.1% TOTAL TOTAL 100.0% * Air party origins from outside the nine-county Bay Area account for only 2.4 percent of all air party origins. 45 FIGURE 2.1 COUNTY OF ORIGIN 1980 - 1990 46 PART IV - SECTION 3 - GROUND TRANSPORTATION - TABLE 3.1 GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE BY RESIDENCE AND TRIP PURPOSE BAY AREA RESIDENTS NON-RESIDENTS BUSINESS NON-BUSINESS BUSINESS NON-BUSINESS PRIVATE CAR 75.6% 76.2% 22.1% 48.0% RENTAL CAR 4.3% 1.4% 43.7% 23.2% AC-SAMTRANS-SC TRANSIT 1.0% 1.1% 0.5% 1.2% "AIRPORTER" EXPRESS BUSES 3.4% 5.5% 4.0% 4.5% OTHER TRANSIT (Inc. AirBART) 1.6% 2.2% 2.2% 2.1% TAXI 5.0% 3.2% 8.5% 4.8% HOTEL/MOTEL COURTESY VAN 0.5% 0.9% 5.7% 4.5% LUXURY LIMOUSINE 1.9% 1.7% 3.1% 1.6% ON CALL VAN SERVICE 6.5% 6.9% 8.1% 7.7% CHARTER/TOUR BUS 0.0% 0.4% 1.0% 1.5% OTHER 0.2% 0.5% 1.1% 1.0% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Business trips include trips for conventions, conferences and for commercial and military purposes. 47 TABLE 3.2 GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE BY AIRPORT (Sorted by mode share size) ALL SAN SAN SAN BAY AREA FRANCISCO OAKLAND JOSE AIRPORTS (SFO) (OAK) (SJC) PRIVATE CAR 52.2% 46.1% 69.0% 66.1% RENTAL CAR 20.1% 19.6% 16.9% 24.7% ON CALL VAN SERVICE 7.4% 9.9% 1.5% 1.4% 'AIRPORTER'EXPRESS BUSES 4.8% 6.5% 1.2% 0.3% TAXI 5.3% 6.1% 3.0% 3.4% HOTELAAOTEL COURTESY VAN 3.4% 4.0% 1.5% 2.2% OTHER TRANSIT (Incl. AirBART) 2.2% 2.1% 4.6% 0.4% LUXURY LIMOUSINE 2.0% 2.6% 0.6% 0.6% AC-SAMTRANS-SC TRANSIT 1.0% 1.2% 0.7% 0.5% CHARTER(TOUR BUS 0.9% 1.2% 0.2% 0.1% OTHER 0.7% 0.8% 0.8% 0.2% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 48 TABLE 3.3 GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE BY RESIDENCE STATUS 6 49 TABLE 3.4 TRENDS IN GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE SHARES 1975 - 1990 SAN FRANCISCO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 1975 1980 1985 1990 PRIVATE CAR 51.3% 48.5% 47.1% 46.1% RENTAL CAR 12.5% 12.8% 19.5% 19.6% AC-SAMTRANS-SC TRANSIT 4.3% 4.2% 0.9% 1.2% SONOMA COUNTY AIRPORT EXPRESS - - 0.1% 0.3% SONOMA AIRPORTER - - 0.2% - SFO AIRPORTER 13.6% 12.2% 6.0% 2.0% MARIN AIRPORTER - 0.9% 1.7% 1.4% EVANS AIRPORTER - 0.1% 0.3% 0.6% SANTA ROSA AIRPORTER - 0.3% 1.3% 0.8% TRAVIS EXPRESS - - - 0.1% AIRPORT CONNECTION - 0.7% 1.0% 0.7% SC AIRPORT EXPRESS - - - 0.5% OTHER TRANSIT - - 1.2% 2.1% TAXI 9.5% 9.5% 10.8% 6.1% HOTEL/MOTEL COURTESY VAN 3.7% 4.6% 5.8% 4.0% LUXURY LIMOUSINE 2.2% 3.1% 2.3% 2.6% ON CALL VAN SERVICE - - - 9.9% CHARTER/TOUR BUS - 1.4% 0.7% 1.2% MILITARY BUS - - 1.0% 0.1% 0THER 2.9% 1.7% - 0.6% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 50 TABLE 3.5 TRENDS IN GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE SHARES 1975 - 1990 OAKLAND INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 1975 1980 1985 1990 PRIVATE CAR 79.3% 76.7% 70.3% 69.0% RENTAL CAR 8.1% 8.4% 15.0% 16.9% AC-SAMTRANS-SC TRANSIT 5.2% 1.3% 1.0% 0.7% SONOMA COUNTY AIRPORT EXPRESS - - - 0.1% SFO AIRPORTER - 0.2% - 0.1% MARIN AIRPORTER - - - 0.1% EVANS AIRPORTER - - - * SANTA ROSA AIRPORTER - - - 0.1% OAKLAND AIRPORT EXPRESS - - 0.4% 0.4% TRAVIS EXPRESS - - - 0.1% AIRPORT CONNECTION - 0.3% - 0.2% SC AIRPORT EXPRESS - - - 0.1% OAKLAND AirBART - 6.5% 3.2% 4.1% OTHER TRANSIT 1.3% - 1.2% 0.5% TAXI 2.6% 3.4% 5.0% 3.0% HOTEL/MOTEL COURTESY VAN 2.3% 1.9% 2.5% 1.5% LUXURY LIMOUSINE 0.2% 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% ON CALL VAN SERVICE - - - 1.5% CHARTER/TOUR BUS - - 0.3% 0.2% MILITARY BUS - - - 0.3% OTHER 1.0% 0.6% 0.5% 0.4% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% * Less than 0.1 percent 51 TABLE 3.6 TRENDS IN GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE SHARES 1975 - 1990 SAN JOSE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 1975 1980 1985 1990 PRIVATE CAR 84.6% 78.2% 72.1% 66.1% RENTAL CAR 7.9% 14.2% 22.4% 24.7% AC-SAMTRANS-SC TRANSIT 0.5% 0.7% 0.3% 0.5% GREYHOUND - - 0.2% - PEERLESS - - 0.2% - AIRPORT LIMOUSINE 0.7% - - - AIRPORT CONNECTION - - - 0.1% SANTA CLARA AIPORT EXPRESS - - - 0.2% OTHER TRANSIT - - - 0.4% TAXI 2.2% 3.1% 2.6% 3.4% HOTEL/MOTEL COURTESY VAN 1.6% 1.5% 1.5% 2.2% LUXURY LIMOUSINE 1.2% 0.8% 0.4% 0.6% ON CALL VAN SERVICE - - - 1.4% CHARTER/TOUR BUS - 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% OTHER 1.3% 1.4% 0.1% 0.2% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 52 TABLE 3.7 GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE SHARE BY COUNTY OF ORIGIN SAN FRANCISCO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 53 TABLE 3.8 GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE SHARE BY COUNTY OF ORIGIN OAKLAND INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 54 TABLE 3.9 GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE SHARE BY COUNTY OF IN SAN JOSE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 55 TABLE 3.10 GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE CHOICE BY INCOME TOTAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME FOR 1989 56 TABLE 3.11 GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE CHOICE BY AGE AGE OF RESPONDENT 57 TABLE 3.12 FOR AIR PARTIES TAKING TRANSIT TO THE AIRPORT, MEANS BY WHICH TRANSIT SERVICE WAS REACHED SAN SAN FRANCISCO OAKLAND JOSE INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL HOW AIR PARTY REACHED TRANSIT AIRPORT AIRPORT AIRPORT WALK OR BICYCLE 47.2% 60.4% 35.2% ALITO - DROPPED OF BY OTHERS 24.2% 5.2% 16.2% AUTO - DROVE SELF AND PARKED 10.7% 2.0% 10.2% TAXI 6.6% 2.8% 18.1% BART 5.6% 25.6% 0.0% BUS 5.3% 3.8% 17.6% CALTRAIN 0.4% 0.2% 2.8% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% NOTE: Respondents were asked how they arrived at the airport to determine their ground transportation mode. If they used public or private transit, they were also asked how they reached the transit services. In some cases, the air party may have started their trip using one form of transit and then transferred to another to complete their journey to the airport. 58 TABLE 3.13 AIR PARTY SIZE, LUGGAGE AND ACCOMPANIERS BY GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE Average Average Average Number of People GROUND Air Party Number of Who Came to TRANSPORTATION MODE Size Bags per Party See Party Off PRIVATE CAR 1.67 2.98 1.02 RENTAL CAR 2.04 3.49 0.18 PUBLIC TRANSIT 2.07 2.96 0.23 AC-SAMTRANS-SC TRANSIT 1.58 2.27 0.07 OAKLAND AIR-BART 1.26 1.85 0.20 OTHER TRANSIT 2.63 3.72 0.33 "AIRPORTER" EXPRESS BUSES 1.63 2.76 0.09 Sonoma County Airporter 1.42 2.12 0.07 SFO Airporter 1.76 2.91 0.05 Marin Airporter 1.39 2.61 0.07 Evans Airporter 1.54 2.98 0.12 Santa Rosa Airporter 1.46 2.37 0.19 Oakland Airport Express 1.32 1.99 0.07 Travis Express 1.84 3.99 0.00 Airport Connection 1.41 2.64 0.11 SC Airport Express 2.53 3.37 0.09 TAXI 1.91 2.91 0.11 ON-CALL VAN SERVICE 1.56 2.92 0.11 LUXURY LIMOUSINE 2.15 3.85 0.15 HOTEL COURTESY VAN 2.29 3.76 0.09 CHARTER OR TOUR BUS 13.54 12.94 0.18 MILITARY BUS 14.27 6.00 0.12 OTHER 3.68 4.06 0.67 59 TABLE 3.14 GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE BY FLIGHT DESTINATION FLIGHT DESTINATION FLIGHT DESTINATION GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE CALIFORNIA DOMESTIC INTERNATIMAL PRIVATE CAR 55.0% 51.2% 43.7% RENTAL CAR 18.9% 21.0% 17.8% AC-SAMTRANS-SC TRANSIT 1.6% 0.6% 0.8% AIRPORT EXPRESS BUSES 4.7% 5.6% 6.9% OTHER TRANSIT 1.4% 1.7% 3.5% ON-CALL VAN SERVICE 7.8% 7.1% 9.6% TAXI 5.8% 5.0% 5.2% HOTEL COURTESY VAN 2.3% 3.9% 5.1% LUXURY LIMOUSINE 1.7% 2.2% 2.2% CHARTER OR TOUR BUSES 0.5% 0.9% 3.7% OTHER 0.3% 0.8% 1.4% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 60 TABLE 3.15 GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE BY TYPE OF LOCATION FROM WHICH AIR PARTY LEFT FOR AIRPORT RESIDENCE BUSINESS HOTEL OTHER PRIVATE CAR 74.8% 43.8% 8.3% 28.5% RENTAL CAR 7.0% 34.5% 42.3% 23.8% AC-SAMTRANS-SC TRANSIT 1.0% 1.1% 0.5% 4.0% AIRPORTER EXPRESS BUSES 5.3% 3.9% 5.9% 8.7% OTHER TRANSIT 1.0% 1.0% 3.4% 2.6% ON-CALL VAN SERVICE 5.5% 6.5% 11.3% 15.0% TAXI 2.9% 6.8% 9.7% 6.9% HOTEL COURTESY VAN 0.5% 0.4% 11.7% 0.4% LUXURY LIMOUSINE 1.3% 0.9% 4.1% 1.5% CHARTER OR TOUR BUSES 0.3% 0.6% 2.1% 4.0% OTHER 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 4.7% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 61 FIGURE 3.1 1990 GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE SHARES FOR BAY AREA AIRPORTS PERCENT OF AIR PARTIES 62 TABLE 4.1 WHERE CARS ARE PARKED AT BAY AREA AIRPORTS SAN SAN FRANCISCO OAKLAND JOSE PARKING LOCATION AIRPORT AIRPORT AIRPORT MAIN GARAGE (SFO) 67.6% - - LONGTERM LOT 18.8 35.3 40.7 SHORT TERM LOT - 45.7 58.8 ECONOMY LOT (OAK) - 6.9 - Park and Fly (OAK) - 7.3 - Air Park (OAK) - 2.3 - E-Z Park (OAK) - 0.5 - OFF-AIRPORT LOTS (Subtotal) 13.6 10.1 0.5 OTHER PARKING FACILITIES - 2.0 - TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 63 PART IV - SECTION 4 - PARKING - TABLE 4.2 FOR AIR PARTIES DRIVING TO THE AIRPORT, WERE CARS PARKED AT THE AIRPORT OR DRIVEN AWAY BY OTHERS 1985 - 1990 64 TABLE 4.3 PARKING SEQUENCE OF AIR PARTIES USING PRIVATE CARS FOR THEIR TRIP TO THE AIRPORT 1985-1990 65 PART IV - SECTION 5 - TRIP PURPOSE - TABLE 5.1 TRIP PURPOSE BY AIRPORT 66 TABLE 5.2 TRIP PURPOSE BY COUNTY OF ORIGIN BUSINESS NON-BUSINESS COUNTY OF ORIGIN TRIP TRIP ALAMEDA 14.3% 16.0% CONTRA COSTA 7.0% 7.4% MARIN 4.4% 4.8% NAPA 1.1% 1.6% SAN FRANCISCO 28.8% 27.6% SAN MATEO 12.9% 15.4%. SANTA CLARA 25.9% 19.1% SOLANO 1.7% 2.4% SONOMA 2.0% 3.0% BAY AREA (Subtotal) 98.2% 97.3% SANTA CRUZ 0.7% 0.9% STANISLAUS 0.4% 0.7% OTHERS COMBINED 0.7% 1.2% OUTSIDE REGION (Subtotal) 1.8% 2.7% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% NOTE: BUSINESS TRIPS include travel for conventions and conferences, and for commercial and military purposes. 67 TABLE 5.3 TRIP PURPOSE BY COUNTY OF ORIGIN 68 TABLE 5.4 TRIP PURPOSE BY INCOME TOTAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME FOR 1989 69 TABLE 5.5 TRIP PURPOSE BY AGE AGE OF RESPONDENT 70 PART IV SECTION 6 - REASONS FOR CHOOSING - - AIRPORT - TABLE 6.1 REASONS GIVEN FOR SELECTING AIRPORT BY FLIGHT DESTINATION AIR PARTIES WITH CALIFORNIA DESTINATION MAIN REASON FOR CHOOSING AIRPORT SFO OAK SJC CHOSEN BY OFFICE/TRAVEL AGENT 12.6% 6.4% 6.5% CLOSEST AIRPORT TO RESIDENCE/HOTEL 29.9% 37.7% 44.7% CLOSEST AIRPORT TO BUSINESS 12.0% 12.5% 26.7% BEST FLIGHT TIME 5.0% 2.6% 2.5% DIRECT FLIGHT TO DESTINATION 14.8% 6.0% 6.8% LOWER FARES 8.9% 17.8% 3.1% CHEAPER/MORE CONVENIENT PARKING 1.4% 3.8% 0.8% LESS CROWDED 0.5% 7.6% 2.6% ALWAYS USE THIS AIRPORT 10.1% 3.1% 3.5% OTHER 4.8% 2.5% 2.7% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% AIR PARTIES WITH DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL DESTINATIORS CHOSEN BY OFFICE/TRAVEL AGENT 20.7% 10.7% 8.0% CLOSEST AIRPORT TO RESIDENCE/HOTEL 18.6% 47.7% 46.0% CLOSEST AIRPORT TO BUSINESS 8.8% 11.4% 24.0% BEST FLIGHT TIME 4.2% 3.7% 2.3% DIRECT FLIGHT TO DESTINATION 29.3% 5.0% 6.7% LOWER FARES 4.5% 5.9% 2.2% CHEAPER/MORE CONVENIENT PARKING 0.8% 1.4% 0.7% LESS CROWDED 0.3% 8.6% 3.6% ALWAYS USE THIS AIRPORT 8.0% 2.9% 3.5% OTHER 4.8% 2.7% 2.9% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 1.00% 71 TABLE 6.2 REASONS GIVEN FOR SELECTING AIRPORT BY AGE 72 TABLE 6.3 REASONS GIVEN FOR- SELECTING AIRPORT BY INCOME SAN FRANCISCO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TOTAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME FOR 1989 73 TABLE 6.4 REASONS GIVEN FOR SELECTING AIRPORT BY INCOME QAKLAND INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TOTAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME FOR 1989 74 TABLE 6.5 REASONS GIVEN FOR SELECTING AIRPORT BY INCOME SAN JOSE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TOTAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME FOR 1989 75 - PART IV - - SECTION 7 - - AIRPORT ARRIVAL TIMES - TABLE 7.1 AVERAGE AIRPORT ARRIVAL TIMES PRIOR TO FLIGHT. BY FLIGHT DESTINATION SAN FRANCISCO OAKLAND SAN JOSE ALL INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL BAY AREA DESTINATION AIRPORT AIRPORT AIRPORT AIRPORTS CALIFORNIA 66.5 59.9 59.2 63.7 DOMESTIC 86.0 69.0 66.1 81.6 INTERNATIONAL 122.3 72.4 103.7 120.2 ALL DESTINATIONS 82.5 63.9 63.6 77.1 76 TABLE 7.2 AVERAGE ARRIVAL TIMES PRIOR TO FLIGHT BY GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE FOR EACH AIRPORT ARRIVAL TIMES PRIOR TO FLIGHT IN MINUTES ALL BAY AREA GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE SFO OAK SJC AIRPORTS ALL TRANSPORTATION MODES 82.5 63.9 63.6 77.1 PRIVATE CAR 75.9 59.7 60.6 70.1 RENTALCAR 90.8 72.5 68.5 84.4 AC-SAMTRANS-SC TRANSIT 91.4 61.6 73.6 87.5 "AIRPORTER" EXPRESS BUSES 87.7 85.3 77.9 87.6 OTHER TRANSIT (Includes AirBART) 93.3 73.8 84.1 87.8 ON-CALL VAN SERVICE 81.0 78.3 73.5 80.7 TAXI 77.6 73.4 72.9 76.8 HOTEL COURTESY VAN 96.8 62.5 71.8 92.2 LUXURY LIMOUSINE 77.2 72.2 66.1 76.5 CHARTER OR TOUR BUSES 111.7 132.7 77.1 111.8 OTHER (includes MILITARY BUS) 144.3 84.6 51.6 130.7 NOTE: MILITARY BUS was combined into the "OTHER" category due to the small number of respondents that both used this mode and provided arrival time information. 77 TABLE 7.3 AVERAGE AIRPORT ARRIVAL TIMES PRIOR TO FLIGHT BY GROUND TRANSPORTATION AND TRIP PURPOSE ARRIVAL TIMES PRIOR TO FLIGHT IN MINUTES TRIP PURPOSE GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE BUSINESS NON-BUSINESS ALL TRANSPORTATION MODES 72.2 79.8 PRIVATE CAR 63.7 72.4 RENTAL CAR 76.2 93.7 AC-SAMTRANS-SC TRANSIT 105.7 81.9 "AIRPORTER" EXPRESS BUSES 82.3 89.6 OTHER TRANSIT 84.3 89,4 ON-CALL VAN SERVICE 79.7 81.3 TAXI 72.3 81.1 HOTEL COURTESY VAN 82.7 98.9 LUXURY LIMOSINE 66.2 85.6 CHARTER OR TOUR BUSES 114.6 110.8 OTHER 105.4 150.0 NOTE: BUSINESS TRIPS include travel for conventions and conferences and for commercial and military puposes. 78 - PART IV - - SECTION - -FREQUENCY OF FLYING - - TRIP DURATION - - AIR PARTY DEMOGRAPHICS - TABLE 8.1 FREQUENCY OF FLYING FOR AIR PARTIES BY COUNTY QF RESIDENCE AVERAGE NUMBER OE FLIGHTS PER YEAR 79 TABLE 8.2 TRIP DURATION BY RESIDENCE STATUS AND TRIP PURPOSE TRIP PURPOSE TRIP DURATION (NUMBER OF NIGHTS) BAY AREA RESIDENTS Convention 4.6 Business 6.2 Military Leave 19.4 AVERAGE BUSINESS TRIP DURATION 6.3 School 49.7 Family Emergency 8.3 Vacation 9.8 Visit Friends/Family 8.2 Other 10.0 AVERAGE NON-BUSINESS TRIP DURATION 10.1 AVERAGE TRIP DURATION FOR ALL TRIP PURPOSES 8.9 NON-RESIDIENTS Convention 5.7 Business 4.7 Military Leave 16.9 AVERAGE BUSINESS TRIP DURATION 5.1 School 21.7 Family Emergency 9.6 Vacation 7.9 Visit Friends/Family 10.1 Other 11.9 AVERAGE NON-BUSINESS TRIP DURATION 9.1 AVERAGE TRIP DURATION FOR ALL TRIP PURPOSES 7.6 80 NOTE FOR TABLE 8.2: The values for Average Number of Days Away from the Bay Area (for residents) and Average Number of Days in the Bay Area (for non- residents) were calculated using only those respondents with top durations of less than 365 days. Respondents with trip durations greater than 365 days were removed from the sample since stays of one year or greater often result in changes in residence status. This table, therefore, is not directly comparable with similar tables in prior reports. 81 TABLE 8.3 INCOME BY COUNTY OF RESIDENCE TOTAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME FOR 1989 82 TABLE 8.4 RESIDENCE STATUS OF AIR PARTIES BY AIRPORT SAN SAN FRANCISCO OAKLAND JOSE ALL INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL BAY AREA AIRPORT AIRPORT AIRPORT AIRPORTS BAY AREA RESIDENTS 38.1% 51.0% 48.0% 41.3% NON-RESIDENTS 61.9% 49.0% 52.0% 58.7% TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 83 TABLE 8.5 AIR PARTY SIZE, LUGGAGE AND ACCOMPANIERS BY AIRPORT Average Average Average Number of People Air Party Number of Who Came to AIRPORT Size Bags per Party See Party Off SFO 1.84 3.18 0.57 OAK 1.64 2.70 0.66 SJC 1.52 2.49 0.70 84 - PART IV - - SECTION 9 - FLIGHT DESTINATIONS - TABLE 9.1 FLIGHT DESTINATIONS BY COUNTY OF ORIGIN FLIGHT DESTINATIONS COUNTY OF ORIGIN CALIFORNIA DOMESTIC INTERNATIONAL TOTAL ALAMEDA 36.6% 59.4% 3.9% 100.0% CONTRA COSTA 34.3% 61.4% 4.3% 100.0% MARIN 33.5% 62.2% 4.3% 100.0% NAPA 36.1% 60.2% 3.7% 100.0% SAN FRANCISCO 38.9% 55.8% 5.3% 100.0% SAN MATEO 32.7% 61.6% 5.7% 100.0% SANTA CLARA 36.5% 60.0% 3.6% 100.0% SOLANO 26.0% 70.8% 3.2% 100.0% SONOMA 34.6% 60.0% 5.4% 100.0% BAY AREA 36.0% 59.4% 4.6% 100.0% OUTSIDE REGION 35.4% 55.1% 9.5% 100.0% 85 TABLE 9.2 FINAL AIRPORT DESTINATIONS FOR INTRA-CALIFORNIA AIR TRAVELERS DESTINATION CITY AIRPORT PERCENT LOS ANGELES LAX 44.1% SAN DIEGO SAN 17.1% BURBANK BUR 12.4% SANTA ANA SNA 10.2% ONTARIO ONT 8.2% LONG BEACH LGB 4.8% SANTA BARBARA SBA 0.8% PALM SPRINGS PSP 0.7% FRESNO FAT 0.4% OXNARD OXR 0.2% MONTEREY MRY 0.2% REDDING RDD 0.1% SAN FRANCISCO SFO 0.1% SAN JOSE SJC 0.1% LAKE TAHOE TVL 0.1% EUREKA/ARCATA ACV 0.1% MODESTO MOD 0.1% OAKLAND OAK 0.1% SACRAMENTO SMF * SANTA ROSA STS * TOTAL 100.0% * Less than 0.1 percent 86 PART V - - APPENDICES - APPENDIX 1: DEFINITIONS AIR PARTY The unit for each interview is an Air Party An air party consists of one or more air passengers traveling together. For most of the tables in this report, the unit of analysis is the air party. In some cases, the data has been adjusted by air party size to compare differences in the distributions of air parties and air passengers. AIRPORTER EXPRESS BUS Any privately-owned scheduled transit service that provides direct, express service to Bay Area Airports CONNECTING PASSENGERS AND THROUGH PASSENGERS Connecting passengers are those who use Bay Area airports to transfer between planes but do not enter or exit the airport via ground transportation. Through passengers are those that are booked on the same aircraft into and out of one of the Bay Area airports. Through passengers often exit and re-board their plane. Connecting passengers and through passengers were excluded from the survey sample. COUNTY OF ORIGIN The county from which an air party actually left for the airport. This might be different from the county in which a respondent lives or is visiting. GROUND TRANSPORTATION MODE The type of transportation an air party used to get to the airport. ON-CALL VAN SERVICE Privately-owned demand responsive paratransit services (i.e. Supershuttle). RESIDENT A resident is defined as a person living in the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area. Non-residents include visitors to the Bay Area and residents of counties outside the Bay Area who use Bay Area Airports. SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA (aka BAY AREA or REGION) The nine contiguous urbanized counties recognized by -the Bureau of the Census. The region includes Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano and Sonoma Counties. 87 APPENDIX 2: SURVEY INSTRUMENT 88 APPENDIX 3: INTERVIEWER PROMPT CARDS CARD #1 SCHEDULED TRANSIT 1___AC Transit, SamTrans, Santa Clara Transit 2___Sonoma County Airporter 3___SFO Airporter 4___Marin Airporter 5___Evans Airporter 6___Santa Rosa Airporter 7___Oakland Airport Express 8___Oakland Air BART 9___Travis Express 10___Airport Connection 11___SC Airport Express 12___Other ON CALL TRANSIT 13___Taxi 14___On Call Van Service (pd) *Bayporter, Super Shuttle, etc 15___Luxury Limousine 16___Helicopter OTHER 17___Hotel Courtesy Car (free) 18___Charter or Tour Bus 19___Military Bus 20___Other ------------------------------------------------------------------- CARD #2 MAIN REASON for choosing this Airport: 1___Chosen by TRAVEL AGENT or OFFICE 2___Closest to BUSINESS 3___Closest to RESIDENCE/HOTEL 4___Always use this airport 5___Direct flight to destination 7___Cost/availability of parking 8___Less crowded 9___Lower fares 10___Best flight time 88___Other ------------------------------------------------------------------ CARD #3 INCOME 1___Less than $12,500 2___$12,500 - $19,999 3___$20,000 - $29,999 4___$30,000 - $39,999 5___$40,000 - $49,999 6___$50,000 - $74,999 7___$75,000 - $99,999 8___$100,000 - $149,999 9___More than $150,000 AGE 1___12 or younger 2___13 - 19 3___20 - 29 4___30 - 39 5___40 - 49 6___50 - 65 7___Over 65 89.
