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Evaluation of the Central Puget Sound
Regional Fare Coordination Project

Report Cover for Evaluation of the Central Puget Sound Regional Fare Coordination Project. Report title with a collage of photographs representing each of the transportation agencies participating in the Central Puget Sound Regional Fare Coordination project: Pierce Transit, King County Metro, Everett Transit, Kitsap Transit, Community Transit, Sound Transit, and Washington State Ferries.

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Prepared for:

U.S. Department of Transportation
ITS Joint Program Office, HOIT-1
Washington, DC  20590

By:

Battelle
and
CRA International

April 13, 2006


Quality Assurance Statement

The Federal Highway Administration provides high-quality information to serve Government, industry, and the public in a manner that promotes public understanding.  Standards and policies are used to ensure and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of its information. FHWA periodically reviews quality issues and adjusts its programs and processes to ensure continuous quality improvement.

 


Technical Report Documentation Page

1. Report No.

 

2. Government Accession No.

3. Recipient's Catalog No.

4. Title and Subtitle

Evaluation of the Central Puget Sound Regional Fare Coordination Project

5. Report Date:

April 13, 2006

6.  Performing Organization Code

 

7. Author(s)

Chris Cluett, Jon Bottom, Patrick Balducci, Catherine Taylor

8. Performing Organization Report No.

 

9. Performing Organizations Name and Address

Battelle CRA International
1100 Dexter Avenue North        John Hancock Tower
Suite 400          200 Clarendon Street, T-33
Seattle, WA  98109-3598           Boston, MA  02116-5092

10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS)

 

11. Contract or Grant No.

DTFH61-96-C-00077

12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address

Federal Highway Administration, HOTO

400 Seventh Street, SW

Washington, DC  20590

13. Type of Report and Period Covered

Final, February 2003 – July 2005

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

 

15. Supplementary Notes:  Contracting Officer's Technical Representative (COTR) –

Joe Peters, FHWA

16. Abstract

The Central Puget Sound Region in western Washington State covers over six thousand square miles and a population of 3.5 million persons.  Seven public transportation agencies, operating bus, rail, and ferry services in four counties in this region, are partnering to offer their public transportation customers a single electronic fare medium – a fare card – that will enable seamless travel across the region using multiple transportation service providers.  The Regional Fare Coordination (RFC) Project partners currently include: King County Metro Transit (the largest agency), Community Transit, Everett Transit, Kitsap Transit, Pierce Transit, Sound Transit and the Washington State Ferries.  The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) contracted with Battelle to evaluate the RFC Project.  The FHWA sees great value for other locations and agencies in documenting the processes that have been followed by the partners and the strategies that they have applied to address institutional, technical, organizational, governance, financial, contractual, and other challenges.  Battelle, teamed with CRA International (CRA), has conducted interviews with representatives of each partner agency, as well as with the staff of the Regional Team that is responsible for administering the vendor contract and overseeing the complex day-to-day system development process.  The RFC Project holds great promise not only to improve the transit travel experience of residents of the Central Puget Sound region but also to serve as a template for the implementation and operation of a large, complex fare card system for transit agencies across the nation.  The evaluation seeks to convey a clear understanding of the range of institutional, organizational and governance issues addressed throughout the development of the project and how they were resolved.  The report offers an objective outside perspective on those institutional and process elements, including a set of “lessons learned,” that will be of most value to a general audience, including in particular other transit agencies that are considering developing or participating in similar regional fare card initiatives.  Building on the experience of the Central Puget Sound RFC Project, and the lessons of this and other fare card systems around the country, offers transit agencies perhaps the best opportunity to identify a path to successful project implementation.  Working with these examples, the challenge will be to adapt them to successfully fit the unique needs and conditions in other locations.

 

17. Key Words

Fare card; fare coordination project; public transportation; transit; evaluation; institutional assessment; lessons learned; Washington State

18. Distribution Statement

No restrictions.  This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA  22161.

19. Security Classif. (of this report)

None

20. Security Classif. (of this page)

None

21. No. of Pages

            101

22. Price

Form DOT F 1700.7            (8-72)     Reproduction of completed page authorized



TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.  INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

1.2 The Central Puget Sound Region

1.3 Organization and Objectives of Report

1.4 Lessons Learned

2.  EVALUATION APPROACH AND OBJECTIVES

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Objectives of the RFC Evaluation

2.3 Prior Research

3.  PARTNER AGENCY CHARACTERISTICS AND RELATIONSHIPS

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Service Areas

3.3 Trips and Passenger Miles

3.4 Transit Operational Characteristics

3.5 Financial Characteristics

3.6 Regional Context

4.  MOTIVATIONS FOR PARTNERSHIP

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Expected Benefits

4.3 RFC Project Goals

4.4 Factors Supporting a Regional Partnership

5.  RFC PROJECT TIMELINE

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Emergence of New Technology

5.3 Moving Towards Regionalism

5.4 Business Community Interest

5.5 Financial Planning

5.6 RFC System Specification Development

5.7 Value of Implementing a Precursor System

6.  GOVERNANCE, COMMUNICATIONS AND DECISION-MAKING

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Governance

6.2.1 Interlocal Agreement

6.3 Committees/Boards Set Up by the ILA

6.3.1 Joint Board

6.4 Project Team

6.4.1 Contract Administrator

6.4.2 Regional Technical Manager

6.4.3 Agency Site Manager

6.5 Committees and Boards Not Created by the ILA

6.5.1 Agency Governing Bodies

6.5.2 Subject Area Advisory Teams (SAATs)

6.5.3 Senior Staff Advisory Group (SSAG)

6.6 Uniform Agreements

6.7 Procedure for Removal or Addition of Agency to Project

7.  PROJECT MANAGEMENT

7.1 Introduction

7.2 RFC Organization and Contract Administration

7.3 Consensus Approach to Regional Management and Decisions

7.4 Information Flow Management

7.5 Managing Time and Complexity

8.  ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Technology

8.2.1 System Specification and Procurement Approach

8.2.2 Hardware / Software Standards

8.2.3 Software Specification Via Output Reports

8.2.4 Technology Risk Management

8.3 Financial Issues

8.3.1 Card Issue and Revalue

8.3.2 Passenger Fare Payment

8.3.3 Regional Revenue Clearinghouse and Revenue Allocation

8.4 Fares

8.4.1 Integrated versus Coordinated Fare Structure

8.4.2 Transfers and Revenue Reconciliation

8.4.3 E-Purse Incentive Programs

8.4.4 Regional Fare Categories

8.4.5 Fare Integration

8.5 Project Finance

8.5.1 Project Budget and Revenues

8.5.2 Financial Barriers to Project Development

8.5.3 Adding and Removing Partner Agencies

8.6 Making the Business Case

8.6.1 Operational Efficiencies and Productivity

8.6.2 Safety Benefits

8.6.3 Expanded Revenue

8.6.4 Business Case Conclusion

8.7 Agency-Vendor Relations

8.8 Agency-Rider Relations

8.9 Legal Issues

8.10 Operations

9.  CONCLUSIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Summary of Lessons

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

 

List of Figures

Figure 1.  Map of Central Puget Sound.

Figure 2.  Average daily number and percent of persons 16 years and older  who work outside of their home and use public transportation to travel to work, by County and year (1990 and 2000).

Figure 3.  Source of operating funds.

Figure 4.  Regional Fare Coordination project organization chart.

Figure 5.  RFC Centralized Operating Concept Overview

 

List of Tables

Table 1.  Population and land area for the Central Puget Sound region.

Table 2.  Transit operations, financial and general characteristics of partner agencies.

Table 3.  Regional Fare Coordination project and evaluation milestones.

Table 4.  RFC Capital and Project Administration Costs

Table 5.  Capital Cost Shares

Table 6.  RFC Operations and Maintenance Costs (10 yr. total costs)

Table 7.  Operations and Maintenance Cost Shares

Table 8.  Revenue Sources and Matching Fund Requirements

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